Born in Paris in 1871, he was apprenticed to a stained-glass designer in 1885.
He studied painting under Gustave Moreau (1892-98)and was made curator of the Moreau Museum on Moreau’s death in 1898. Rouault’s early work was superficially close to Lautrec in subject and technique and through these works he was associated with the Fauve movement. His pictures were conceived as moralities of sin and redemption and foreshadow the intensely religious character of his more mature work. From about 1916 he concentrated on more graphic work, producing series of prints which include Guerre et Miserere. He designed Prodigal Son for the Ballet Russes in 1929. He died in 1958.
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